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Related Concept Videos

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Photonic structures in radiative cooling.

Minjae Lee1,2, Gwansik Kim3, Yeongju Jung1

  • 1Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiative cooling offers a passive, energy-free alternative to conventional cooling. Advances in photonic technologies now enable effective daytime radiative cooling for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional cooling systems consume energy and contribute to waste heat.
  • Previous radiative cooling methods were primarily limited to nighttime applications.
  • Photonic technologies have enabled significant advancements in radiative cooling performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental thermodynamic principles of radiative cooling.
  • To discuss various photonic structures and design strategies for enhanced radiative cooling.
  • To summarize the commercial applications and future perspectives of radiative cooling technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of thermodynamic heat transfer principles relevant to radiative cooling.
  • Analysis of photonic structures including multilayer, periodical, and random designs.
  • Discussion of photonic integration for advanced functionalities like colored and switchable cooling.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of broadband and selective mid-IR emissions with high solar reflectance.
  • Development of photonic integration for enhanced radiative cooling efficiency.
  • Identification of diverse commercial applications, from vehicles to personal thermal regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Radiative cooling, especially with photonic advancements, presents a viable passive cooling solution.
  • Photonic integration unlocks new functionalities and broadens the applicability of radiative cooling.
  • Future research should address emerging issues to further optimize radiative cooling technologies.