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Alterations of brain gray matter volume in children with obstructive sleep apnea

Chenyi Yu1, Yuchuan Fu2, Yi Lu2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Frontiers in Neurology
|June 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show altered gray matter volume in the frontal cortex, impacting cognitive functions like attention. This neuroimaging study highlights the brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly impacts children's cognitive functions.
  • The underlying neuroimaging mechanisms of cognitive impairment in pediatric OSA remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in local gray matter volume (GMV) between children with OSA and non-OSA children.
  • To explore the correlation between altered GMV and cognitive function, as well as OSA severity.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-three children (52 OSA, 31 non-OSA) aged 8-13 years underwent MRI scans.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyzed local GMV; cognitive function assessed using the Das-Naglieri cognitive assessment system (DN: CAS).
  • Statistical analyses included two-sample t-tests and Pearson correlation to compare groups and assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Children with OSA exhibited larger gray matter volume in the right Middle Frontal Gyrus (MFG_R) compared to non-OSA children.
  • OSA children scored lower on the Word Series and showed a negative correlation between Expressive Attention scores and MFG_R GMV.
  • No significant correlation was found between OSA severity (OAHI) and MFG_R GMV.

Conclusions:

  • Frontal cortex gray matter development, particularly regions associated with attention, is sensitive to OSA in children.
  • These findings provide neuroimaging evidence supporting cognitive impairment in pediatric OSA.
Abstract

Keywords:
Das-Naglieri cognitive assessment systemMRIchildrengray matter volumeobstructive sleep apnea

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