Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

451
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
451
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

354
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
354
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

230
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
230

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fixed-dose telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide in comparison with losartan/hydrochlorothiazide in decreasing serum hepatocyte growth factor and improving endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients.

International heart journal·2010
Same author

[Relationship between Mutations of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene and Drug-Resistance to Gefitinib in Human Lung Cancer in vitro.].

Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer·2010
Same author

Pupal diapause of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) mediated by larval host plants: pupal weight is important.

Journal of insect physiology·2010
Same author

Clinical application and evaluation of anti-TNF-alpha agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Acta pharmacologica Sinica·2010
Same author

Regulatory effect of melatonin on cytokine disturbances in the pristane-induced lupus mice.

Mediators of inflammation·2010
Same author

Management of maxillary sinus inverted papilloma via transnasal endoscopic anterior and medial maxillectomy.

ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties·2010
Same journal

Olfactory Perception and Neural Rhythms: A Simulation-Based EEG Analysis Using Power Spectral Density FeaturesOlfactory perception and neural rhythms: a simulation-based eeg analysis using power spectral density features.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
Same journal

An event-related potentials account of brain predictive coding.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
Same journal

A recurrent neural network model for a decision-making task based on sequential evidence accumulation.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
Same journal

Synaptic neurotransmitter concentration modulation during learning in bio-inspired spiking neural network.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
Same journal

A two-neuron HETUF-memristive hopfield neural network and its application in image encryption.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
Same journal

MEK-ERK inhibition enhances synaptic input-output coupling and neuronal excitability in the rat dentate gyrus: association with site-specific Kv4.2 phosphorylation.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Seizure Dynamics and Novel Therapeutics for Status Epilepticus Using CMOS High-Density Microelectrode Array Systems
06:28

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Seizure Dynamics and Novel Therapeutics for Status Epilepticus Using CMOS High-Density Microelectrode Array Systems

Published on: September 27, 2024

2.4K

Closed-loop seizure modulation via extreme learning machine based extended state observer.

Zhiyao Zhao1,2, Zijin Wang1,2, Wei Wei3

  • 1School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048 China.

Cognitive Neurodynamics
|June 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an improved neuromodulation technique for epilepsy by using an extreme learning machine-based observer to more accurately estimate disturbances, enhancing real-time seizure control.

Keywords:
EpilepsyExtreme learning machineLinear extended state observerNeuromodulation

More Related Videos

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

2.6K
Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

25.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Seizure Dynamics and Novel Therapeutics for Status Epilepticus Using CMOS High-Density Microelectrode Array Systems
06:28

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Seizure Dynamics and Novel Therapeutics for Status Epilepticus Using CMOS High-Density Microelectrode Array Systems

Published on: September 27, 2024

2.4K
Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

2.6K
Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

25.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Control Engineering
  • Computational Intelligence

Background:

  • Current neuromodulation for epilepsy lacks real-time adaptive control based on patient responses.
  • Existing linear active disturbance rejection control methods have limitations in accurately estimating disturbances due to steady-state errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a more accurate and adaptive neuromodulation strategy for epilepsy treatment.
  • To improve the estimation of time-varying total disturbances in epilepsy dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed an extreme learning machine (ELM)-based extended state observer (ESO) to enhance disturbance estimation.
  • Utilized ELM's capability for rapid and accurate approximation of nonlinear time-varying functions.
  • Analyzed the convergence and closed-loop stability of the proposed ELM-based ESO.

Main Results:

  • The ELM-based ESO significantly outperformed the linear ESO in estimating total disturbances.
  • Achieved more accurate disturbance estimation, leading to improved closed-loop neuromodulation.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method through numerical simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The ELM-based ESO offers a superior approach for real-time disturbance estimation in epilepsy neuromodulation.
  • This advancement enables more precise and effective adaptive seizure control.
  • The findings support the potential of advanced computational methods in clinical neurological treatments.