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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

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Driver eye glance behavior and performance with camera-based visibility systems versus mirrors.

E N Mazzae1, K S Satterfield2, G H S Baldwin2

  • 1Vehicle Safety Research, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., USA.

Traffic Injury Prevention
|June 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Drivers using camera monitor systems (CMS) took longer to pass vehicles and had more eye fixations compared to using traditional mirrors. Most drivers preferred mirrors, suggesting potential challenges with CMS in judging distances and focusing on electronic images for safe driving.

Keywords:
Visibilitycameracrash avoidancemirrorsrearview

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Area of Science:

  • Human Factors and Ergonomics
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Driver's ability to process visual information from mirrors or camera systems affects driving performance during maneuvers like lane changes.
  • Camera Monitor Systems (CMS) are emerging as an alternative to traditional mirrors, necessitating research into their impact on driver behavior and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare driver eye gaze behavior and driving performance between traditional mirrors and a prototype camera monitor system (CMS).
  • To identify differences in safety-critical metrics and subjective driver preferences between the two visibility systems.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled test track study was conducted comparing driver eye gaze and lane change behavior.
  • Participants drove a vehicle equipped with either outside mirrors or a prototype CMS.
  • Post-drive questionnaires assessed driver opinions on usability and comfort.

Main Results:

  • Drivers using the prototype CMS took longer to pass slower vehicles and maintained a greater passing distance.
  • More frequent eye fixations were observed on the CMS displays compared to mirrors.
  • While some perceived advantages for CMS in ease of use and visibility were noted, most participants preferred traditional mirrors.

Conclusions:

  • The observed longer passing times, increased distance, and higher fixation counts with CMS may indicate difficulties in distance judgment and focus on electronic displays.
  • Preliminary findings suggest distinct differences in driving behavior between the tested CMS and mirrors.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these trends across various systems and their overall impact on safe driving behavior.