Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 28, 2025
09:50
Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
Published on: April 2, 2015
10.3K
Titanium(II) as a Fuel Atom in Energetic Materials.
Alexandra M Bacon1, Warren Tomlinson2, Joseph P Hooper2
1Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.
Inorganic Chemistry
|June 2, 2023
Summary
The combustion energy of four metal complexes, including titanium, was measured. Titanium(II) tris(pyrazolyl)borate (TiTp2) showed the highest heat of combustion, indicating its potential as a potent fuel source.
Area of Science:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Thermochemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Metal complexes with tris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligands are of interest for their diverse chemical properties.
- Understanding the energetic content of these compounds is crucial for applications in energy storage and catalysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally determine and theoretically calculate the energetic content of MgTp2, FeTp2, MnTp2, and TiTp2.
- To compare the combustion energies of these metal complexes.
- To evaluate the potential of Ti(II) as a fuel atom based on its combustion energy.
Main Methods:
- Bomb calorimetry was employed to measure the heat of combustion for each compound.
- Experimental results were compared with theoretical calculations.
Main Results:
- Titanium(II) tris(pyrazolyl)borate (TiTp2) exhibited the highest heat of combustion among the studied compounds.
- The heat of combustion of TiTp2, when compared to MgTp2 and MnTp2, suggests an effective combustion energy for Ti(II) ranging from 1400 to 3000 kJ/mol.
Conclusions:
- The experimental data confirms TiTp2 as having the largest energetic content.
- The findings affirm the significant fuel potential of the Ti(II) oxidation state.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
03:20Nuclear Transmutation
17.6K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
17.6K
02:45Nuclear Fusion
23.2K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
23.2K
03:18Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations
21.2K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
21.2K
01:25Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods
593
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
593
02:50Nuclear Fission
9.8K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
9.8K
03:12Ionization Energy
34.0K
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
34.0K