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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Ventricular pre-excitation in cats: 17 cases.

M Sidler1, G Santarelli2, A Kovacevic3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology : the Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology
|June 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) in cats involves abnormal heart electrical connections. Affected cats showed larger atria and thicker heart walls but had a relatively long survival time.

Keywords:
Accessory pathwayArrhythmiaBypass-mediated tachycardiaFelineWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Cardiology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Atrioventricular accessory pathways cause ventricular pre-excitation (VPE), leading to potential tachycardias.
  • VPE is characterized by abnormal electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and outcome characteristics of cats with VPE.
  • To compare cardiac structural and functional parameters between cats with VPE and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, case-control, retrospective study involving 17 cats with VPE and 15 healthy controls.
  • Data collected included clinical signs, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and patient outcomes.
  • VPE diagnosis criteria included preserved atrioventricular synchrony, reduced PQ interval, and increased QRS duration with a delta wave.

Main Results:

  • Most cats with VPE were male and non-pedigree, presenting with lethargy, tachypnea, or syncope.
  • Cats with VPE exhibited significantly larger left and right atria and thicker interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall compared to controls.
  • Tachyarrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias were observed in several cats; congestive heart failure was uncommon.

Conclusions:

  • Cats with VPE demonstrate distinct cardiac structural changes, including atrial enlargement and ventricular wall thickening.
  • Despite these findings, cats with VPE experienced a relatively long survival period.
  • VPE in cats is associated with significant electrophysiological and structural cardiac abnormalities.