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Consequences of oxygen deprivation on myelination and sex-dependent alterations

Rafael Bandeira Fabres1, Débora Sterzeck Cardoso2, Brian Aranibar Aragón3

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|June 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal oxygen deprivation causes white matter injury and neurodevelopmental issues. This review explores how sexual dimorphism affects neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte injury following oxygen deprivation in newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • Oxygen deprivation is a major cause of newborn mortality and morbidity, particularly in preterm infants.
  • White matter injury, impacting oligodendrocytes and myelination, is a key feature leading to long-term cognitive and motor deficits.
  • Neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways activated by oxygen deprivation may be influenced by sexual dimorphism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the impact of sexual dimorphism on neuroinflammation and white matter injury after neonatal oxygen deprivation.
  • To provide an overview of oligodendrocyte lineage development and myelination.
  • To examine the effects of oxygen deprivation and neuroinflammation on oligodendrocytes in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of oligodendrocyte lineage development and myelination processes.
  • Investigation of neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways in the context of neonatal oxygen deprivation and sexual dimorphism.

Main Results:

  • Oxygen deprivation significantly impacts white matter integrity and oligodendrocyte function.
  • Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of white matter injury.
  • Emerging evidence suggests sexual dimorphism influences the response to oxygen deprivation, affecting neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte injury.

Conclusions:

  • Oligodendrocytes and myelination are crucial targets for therapeutic interventions following neonatal oxygen deprivation.
  • Understanding sexual dimorphism in neuroinflammation and white matter injury is essential for developing targeted treatments.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Keywords:
MyelinationNeuroinflammationOligodendrocytesOxygen deprivationSexual dimorphismWhite matter injury

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