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Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Can computational models help elucidate the link between complex trauma and hallucinations?

Peggy Seriès1, Emilie Veerapa2, Renaud Jardri3

  • 1IANC, Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK.

Schizophrenia Research
|June 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predictive coding models for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may extend to complex PTSD (cPTSD) arising from childhood trauma. This research explores applying these models to understand cPTSD symptoms like hallucinations and intrusive experiences.

Keywords:
Bayesian modelsBeliefInferencePredictive codingTraumaVoice hearing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Predictive coding models explain symptoms of traditional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as intrusions and flashbacks.
  • These models have primarily focused on Type-1 PTSD, not complex PTSD (cPTSD) associated with childhood trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the applicability of existing predictive coding models to complex PTSD (cPTSD).
  • To explore how these models can explain symptoms specific to cPTSD, including hallucinations and intrusive experiences.
  • To differentiate the mechanisms underlying PTSD and cPTSD.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion and synthesis of existing predictive coding frameworks.
  • Comparison of symptom profiles and underlying mechanisms of PTSD versus cPTSD.
  • Exploration of developmental aspects and illness trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Predictive coding models show potential for translation to understanding cPTSD.
  • These models may offer insights into hallucinations and intrusive experiences in cPTSD.
  • Distinguishing PTSD and cPTSD is crucial for understanding distinct symptomatology and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive coding frameworks offer a promising avenue for understanding complex trauma.
  • Further research is needed to refine these models for cPTSD and related phenomena like hallucinations.
  • Understanding cPTSD requires considering developmental factors and distinct neurobiological mechanisms.