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Does working in an extremely cold environment affects lung function?: 10 years follow-up.

Marcial Velasco Garrido1, Nadine Rentel2, Robert Herold2

  • 1Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstr. 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany. m.velasco-garrido@uke.de.

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
|June 3, 2023
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Summary

Repeated exposure to extreme cold temperatures over many years did not harm lung function in healthy male storeworkers. Pulmonary function tests showed no significant long-term negative effects from occupational cold exposure.

Keywords:
Cold exposureLong-termLung functionOccupational exposurePulmonary disease

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Pulmonology
  • Environmental Medicine

Background:

  • Occupational exposure to extreme cold is common in certain industries.
  • The long-term effects of intermittent extreme cold on pulmonary function are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between long-term, intermittent occupational exposure to extreme cold and pulmonary function.
  • To determine if repeated exposure to -55°C over many years impacts lung capacity and gas exchange.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 10-year medical examination data from storeworkers.
  • Measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and CO diffusion capacity (DL,CO).
  • Utilized linear mixed models to analyze trends in lung function parameters, considering smoking status and cold exposure intensity.

Main Results:

  • 46 male workers with 398 measurement points were analyzed.
  • FEV1 and FVC showed a statistically significant positive slope over time (FEV1: 0.32%, FVC: 0.43%).
  • No significant changes were observed in FEV1/FVC, DL,CO, or DL,CO/VA over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term intermittent occupational exposure to extreme cold does not appear to cause irreversible lung damage in healthy workers.
  • The study suggests that obstructive or restrictive lung diseases are not expected outcomes of this type of exposure.