Type 1 Diabetes Overview and Perioperative Management

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Medicine
• Diabetes Technology

Background:

• Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing global health concern.
• Modern T1D treatments, including insulin analogues and technology, increase regimen complexity.
• Surgical procedures and anesthesia induce metabolic stress, leading to significant glucose variability in patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the challenges in managing T1D during surgical procedures.
• To emphasize the potential of current diabetes technology in mitigating glucose fluctuations.
• To advocate for the integration of advanced T1D management tools in hospital and surgical settings.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on T1D management, metabolic stress response, and diabetes technology.
• Analysis of the impact of surgery and anesthesia on glucose metabolism in T1D patients.
• Discussion of algorithms and monitoring strategies for glycemic control.

Main Results:

• Surgical stress responses significantly increase glucose variability in T1D patients.
• Close glucose monitoring and structured insulin algorithms can manage these responses.
• Emerging diabetes technologies show promise in maintaining glycemic control.

Conclusions:

• Hospitalization and surgery present unique glycemic control challenges for T1D patients.
• Advanced diabetes technology offers a viable solution for managing glucose variability during these periods.
• Increased consideration and implementation of diabetes technology in surgical settings for T1D management are recommended.