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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Growth Measurement: Indirect Methods01:27

Microbial Growth Measurement: Indirect Methods

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Estimating microbial growth is essential for understanding population dynamics and environmental adaptations. Indirect methods provide valuable insights by measuring parameters such as turbidity, metabolic activity, and biomass, enabling efficient and reproducible assessments.During exponential growth, microbial cells scatter light proportionally to their biomass, a principle used in turbidity measurements. About one million cells per milliliter produce detectable scattering, which a...
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Microbial Growth Measurement: Direct Methods01:23

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Direct methods for measuring microbial populations in a culture are essential tools in microbiology, providing quantitative data for various applications. Among these, microscopic counts, plate counts, and serial dilution are widely used techniques, each with unique principles and applications.Microscopic CountsMicroscopic counting involves the use of a Petroff-Hausser chamber, a specialized microscope slide with a grid and defined depth. By observing a liquid culture under a microscope,...
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Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...
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Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth01:29

Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth

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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
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Milligrams to kilograms: making microbes work at scale.

William T Cordell1, Gennaro Avolio2, Ralf Takors2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

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Biomanufacturing sustainable chemical production faces scale-up challenges. This review focuses on Escherichia coli, offering strategies to minimize waste and optimize processes for industrial biomanufacturing success.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Microbial Physiology

Background:

  • Biomanufacturing offers a sustainable route for chemical production, crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Industrial scale-up of microbial chemical synthesis faces challenges in translating laboratory findings.
  • Escherichia coli is a key model organism for studying microbial synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review lessons learned in scaling up microbial biomanufacturing processes.
  • To identify strategies for minimizing cellular waste in industrial biomanufacturing.
  • To de-risk biomanufacturing process scale-up and reduce time-to-market.

Main Methods:

  • Examining microbial physiology and metabolism under simulated large-scale bioreactor conditions.
  • Investigating methods to reduce maintenance energy requirements.
  • Analyzing strategies for optimizing stress response and minimizing culture heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Challenges in scaling microbial synthesis from lab to industrial production are identified.
  • Strategies for minimizing cellular waste, including energy reduction and stress optimization, are discussed.
  • Methods to improve culture homogeneity for robust industrial processes are explored.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming scale-up challenges in biomanufacturing is critical for sustainable chemical production.
  • Implementing strategies to minimize waste and optimize microbial physiology can enhance industrial biomanufacturing.
  • De-risking the scale-up process will accelerate the adoption of biomanufacturing for climate change mitigation.