Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

109
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
109
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

109
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
109
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

189
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
189
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

150
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
150
International System of Units01:29

International System of Units

2.5K
The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is based on a set of three base units considered absolute, and their values do not change with location. These base units are meters, kilograms, and seconds.
Prefixes are used to define both larger and smaller quantities in the SI system. For example, milli, micro, and nano define smaller quantities, while kilo, mega, and giga are used to define...
2.5K
Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

126
Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
126

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outcome After Surgery for Type A Intramural Hematoma.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026
Same author

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vein Graft Disease.

Cells·2026
Same author

Risk Profile and Outcomes of Patients Requiring Coronary Revascularization as Concomitant Procedure to Repair of Type A Aortic Dissection.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Outcomes after postcardiotomy venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in young patients: An individual patient data meta-analysis.

JTCVS open·2025
Same author

Stormy rhythms: unmasking the heart's electrical storm.

BMJ case reports·2025
Same author

Preoperative Mechanical Ventilation Prior to Surgical Repair for Type A Aortic Dissection: Incidence, Risk, and Outcomes.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example
12:44

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

Published on: December 3, 2014

53.9K

International RELAY

Sidhant Singh1, Abedalaziz O Surkhi2, Callum Howard3

  • 1Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The triple-branched RELAY™ endograft for endovascular aortic arch repair (EAR) showed superior outcomes, with zero mortality, stroke, or reinterventions over 24 months. This contrasts with the double-branched configuration, highlighting the potential of triple-branched devices in aortic repair.

Keywords:
Aortic archaorticaortic aneurysmaortic dissectiondiseaseendovascular procedureinterventionlocation

More Related Videos

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

15.9K
Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
11:25

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

15.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example
12:44

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

Published on: December 3, 2014

53.9K
An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

15.9K
Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
11:25

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

15.9K

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Medical Devices
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Endovascular aortic arch repair (EAR) is an emerging alternative to open surgery for aortic arch pathologies.
  • Interest in EAR devices is growing, with a focus on their clinical efficacy.
  • This study compares clinical outcomes of double- and triple-branched RELAY™ endografts for EAR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical outcomes of endovascular aortic arch repair (EAR) using double- and triple-branched RELAY™ endografts.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of these devices in a multicentre setting.
  • To provide comparative data on patient outcomes following EAR.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of multicentre data on EAR procedures using RELAY™ endografts (January 2019 - January 2022).
  • Follow-up at 30 days, 6, 12, and 24 months post-procedure.
  • Retrospective analysis including logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Main Results:

  • 131 patients treated: 103 with double-branched and 28 with triple-branched RELAY™ endografts.
  • Triple-branched group: zero mortality, stroke, or reintervention over 24 months; 100% target vessel patency.
  • Double-branched group: 4 mortalities, 19 strokes, 50 reinterventions within 30 days; 74% target vessel patency.

Conclusions:

  • The triple-branched RELAY™ endograft demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes and efficacy.
  • Outcomes in the triple-branched group align with existing literature.
  • Further comparative research on endovascular aortic arch repair devices is warranted.