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First report of

Marcel Wenneker1, Khanh Pham2,3, Kiki Kots4

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This study identifies Didymella macrostoma as the cause of calyx-end rot in Dutch

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Horticulture

Background:

  • Pear ('Conference') production in the Netherlands faces postharvest losses due to calyx-end rot.
  • Incidences of 1-5% calyx-end rot were observed on 'Conference' pears in Dutch packing houses between 2019-2021.
  • Symptoms include 1-3 cm brown necrosis around the calyx end of pears.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and identify the fungal pathogen responsible for calyx-end rot in Dutch 'Conference' pears.
  • To confirm pathogenicity of the isolated fungus using Koch's postulates.
  • To provide foundational knowledge for developing control strategies against this pear postharvest disease.

Main Methods:

  • Fungal isolation from infected pear lesions onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA).
  • Morphological characterization of fungal colonies and conidia on PDA and oat meal agar (OA).
  • Multilocus gene sequencing (ITS, LSU, TUB, TEF1) for precise fungal identification.
  • Pathogenicity tests on 'Conference' pears to fulfill Koch's postulates.

Main Results:

  • A fungus morphologically consistent with Didymella macrostoma (syn. Phoma macrostoma) was isolated.
  • Gene sequencing confirmed four isolates as Didymella macrostoma with high sequence identity to GenBank records.
  • Koch's postulates were successfully completed, re-isolating D. macrostoma from artificially inoculated pears exhibiting typical calyx-end rot symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Didymella macrostoma is identified as the causal agent of calyx-end rot in pears in the Netherlands.
  • This is the first report of D. macrostoma causing calyx-end rot in pears.
  • Accurate identification of the pathogen is crucial for effective management of postharvest pear diseases.