Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

4.1K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
4.1K
Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

8.7K
The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
8.7K
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

32.0K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.0K
Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

17.2K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
17.2K
Stresses under Combined Loadings01:23

Stresses under Combined Loadings

180
When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
180
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

613
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
613

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Injectable hydrogel loaded with exosomes from hypoxic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by reversing nucleus pulposus cell senescence.

Regenerative biomaterials·2025
Same author

Predicting Tuberculosis Risk in Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep, and Goats in China Based on Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2025
Same author

<i>Pasteurella multocida</i> Serotype D Infection Induces Activation of the IL-17 Signaling Pathway in Goat Lymphocytes.

Microorganisms·2025
Same author

Differential effects of Lactococcus starter cultures on Cheddar cheese: Insights from texture, electronic sensory, and metabolomics analyses.

Food chemistry·2024
Same author

To unlock mutual benefits, don't restrict US-China genome data transfer.

Nature·2024
Same author

Machine Learning Assisted Prediction of Donor Numbers: Guiding Rational Fabrication of Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

9.8K

Effects of Combined Live

Yuanwei Wang1,2, Xian Zhang2, Ying Wang2

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Discovery Medicine
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Probiotics, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus, significantly reduced post-stroke depression (PSD) and inflammatory markers in stroke patients. This suggests a potential therapeutic role for these probiotics in managing PSD and its associated inflammation.

Keywords:
combined liveinflammatory factorspost-stroke depression (PSD)

More Related Videos

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
06:28

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

892
Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
09:19

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

Published on: February 2, 2019

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2025

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

9.8K
A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
06:28

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats

Published on: April 28, 2023

892
Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
09:19

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice

Published on: February 2, 2019

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication affecting patient recovery.
  • The role of probiotics in mental health is recognized, but their impact on PSD is not well-established.
  • Inflammatory factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of PSD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a combined probiotic tablet (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus) in treating PSD.
  • To assess the effect of this probiotic intervention on serum inflammatory markers in stroke patients.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 400 stroke patients was conducted.
  • The observation group received conventional therapy plus the probiotic tablet, while the control group received conventional therapy alone.
  • Depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale, and serum levels of NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured via ELISA.

Main Results:

  • The probiotic group showed significantly lower Hamilton Depression Scale scores and reduced incidence, recurrence, and complications of PSD compared to the control group.
  • Serum levels of NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the probiotic group.
  • Logistic regression analysis identified elevated NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α as risk factors for PSD.

Conclusions:

  • Combined probiotics promote neurological recovery and depression remission in stroke patients.
  • The therapeutic effects of these probiotics may be mediated by the regulation of inflammatory factors like NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α.
  • This study highlights the potential of probiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy for PSD.