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Wild birds carry Campylobacter jejuni, a common cause of gastroenteritis. While direct transmission is unlikely, birds may spread persistent C. jejuni clones in the environment, potentially impacting livestock and human health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Veterinary Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis globally.
  • Recurring C. jejuni genotypes have been identified, potentially linked to diffuse outbreaks.
  • Wild birds are suspected vectors for transmissible microorganisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess C. jejuni genetic diversity in wild birds and surface waters.
  • To explore the link between environmental C. jejuni and persistent human lineages in Luxembourg.
  • To investigate the role of wild birds in the spread of C. jejuni.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic diversity analysis of C. jejuni isolates from wild birds and surface waters.
  • Comparison of environmental genotypes with human clinical isolates from Luxembourg (2018-2021).
  • Detection of recurring human C. jejuni lineages in wild bird populations.

Main Results:

  • Exotic C. jejuni genotypes predominated in environmental samples.
  • 4% of C. jejuni from wild birds matched recurring human genotypes.
  • A human endemic lineage was detected in one bird species, suggesting multi-host potential.
  • 27% of wild birds carried C. jejuni; 3 out of 59 genotypes overlapped with human strains.

Conclusions:

  • Wild birds act as reservoirs and spreaders of C. jejuni.
  • While direct transmission is questionable, birds may contribute to the environmental dissemination of stable C. jejuni clones.
  • Further research is needed to understand the role of wild birds in C. jejuni epidemiology, particularly concerning livestock.