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3D-printed vascularized biofunctional scaffold for bone regeneration.

Bojun Cao1,2,3, Jieming Lin4, Jia Tan1,2,3

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.

International Journal of Bioprinting
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed 3D-bioprinted scaffolds using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and laponite for enhanced bone regeneration. The novel scaffolds promote vascularization and osteogenesis, showing great potential for clinical bone defect treatment.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingBone regenerationPlatelet-rich plasmaVascularization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Developing bioinks for 3D bioprinting bone regeneration scaffolds faces challenges in achieving rapid vascularization and sustained osteoinductive bioactivity.
  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors crucial for bone healing, but its controlled release from hydrogels remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a 3D-bioprintable hydrogel bioink incorporating PRP and laponite (Lap) for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.
  • To investigate the effect of Lap on growth factor release kinetics and the bioactivity of the PRP-GelMA/AlgMA hydrogel.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of PRP-based 3D-bioprinted scaffolds for bone repair.

Main Methods:

  • A hydrogel system was formulated using methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and methacrylated alginate (AlgMA), incorporating rat platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and laponite (Lap).
  • The PRP-GelMA/AlgMA hydrogel (PRP-GA) was modified with Lap (PRP-GA@Lap) to control growth factor release.
  • 3D-bioprinting was used to fabricate scaffolds by combining the PRP-GA@Lap hydrogel bioink with polycaprolactone (PCL).
  • In vitro studies assessed cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, vascularization, and macrophage polarization.
  • In vivo studies involved implanting the PRP-GA@Lap/PCL scaffolds in rat subcutaneous and femoral condyle defect models.

Main Results:

  • Laponite (Lap) effectively retarded growth factor release from the PRP-GelMA/AlgMA (PRP-GA) hydrogel, sustaining release for up to 2 weeks.
  • The PRP-GA@Lap hydrogel significantly promoted rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro.
  • In vitro studies demonstrated accelerated endothelial cell vascular pattern formation and promoted M2 macrophage polarization.
  • In vivo implantation of PRP-GA@Lap/PCL scaffolds significantly enhanced vascular inward growth and bone regeneration in rat defect models.

Conclusions:

  • The addition of laponite to PRP-based hydrogels effectively controls growth factor release, enhancing osteogenic and angiogenic properties.
  • 3D-bioprinted PRP-GA@Lap/PCL scaffolds demonstrate significant potential for promoting vascularized bone regeneration.
  • These findings suggest PRP-based 3D-bioprinted vascularized scaffolds hold promise for clinical applications in treating bone defects.