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Validation of a Bullying Scale in Peruvian Adolescents and Gender-Specific Differences
Jhon Alex Zeladita-Huaman1, Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan2, Juana Matilde Cuba-Sancho1
1Research Group on Comprehensive Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent and Social Responsibility, Academic Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Academic Department of Nursing Faculty of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru.
Abstract:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) inPeruvian adolescents and to determine gender-specific differences. The sample comprised 532 students in sixth grade of elementary school to third grade of high school. To validate the instrument, we requested an expert judgement and conducted a pilot test. Subsequently, we performed the exploratory factorial analysis, which showed that all the questions were correctly loaded in both components, an aspect that explained the 48.6%variance. We determined the reliability by means of the internal-consistency method using the Cronbach's alfa (αtotal= .856;αvictimization= .807;αaggression= .828). We found gender-specific differences in bullying roles(p<.001). In conclusion, the factorial structure of the EBIPQ in Peruvian adolescents is similar to the original questionnaire and presents high reliability and construct validity.
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Bullying
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Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...

