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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

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Genomic Surveillance of

Yogesh Hooda1, Arif Mohammad Tanmoy1, Samir K Saha1,2

  • 1Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic studies of Salmonella Paratyphi A reveal its diversity, crucial for combating paratyphoid fever. A new genotyping scheme, Paratype, aids in classifying Salmonella Paratyphi A genomes for better intervention strategies.

Keywords:
Salmonella Paratyphi Aantimicrobial resistancebacterial vaccinesenteric fevergenomic surveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A causes paratyphoid fever, a neglected tropical disease with significant mortality.
  • South Asian countries bear over 80% of global paratyphoid cases, yet genomic data is scarce.
  • Understanding genomic diversity is key to developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current progress in Salmonella Paratyphi A genomics.
  • To highlight recent genomic data from South Asia.
  • To discuss remaining questions for pathogen control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of presentations from the 2021 International Conference on Typhoid and Other Salmonelloses.
  • Description of the development and application of Paratype, a SNP-based genotyping scheme.
  • Synthesis of available genomic data on Salmonella Paratyphi A.

Main Results:

  • Recent genomic data from South Asia has become available.
  • Paratype, an open-access genotyping scheme, has been developed to systematically segregate Salmonella Paratyphi A genomes.
  • Progress in understanding Salmonella Paratyphi A genomic diversity has been made.

Conclusions:

  • Continued genomic surveillance of Salmonella Paratyphi A is essential.
  • The Paratype scheme offers a sustainable approach to classifying pathogen genomes.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps and inform public health strategies against paratyphoid fever.