Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Examination of Host Phenotypes in Gambusia affinis Following Antibiotic Treatment
09:25

Examination of Host Phenotypes in Gambusia affinis Following Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: February 22, 2017

7.7K

What Should We Be Recommending for the Treatment of Enteric Fever?

Christopher M Parry1,2,3, Farah N Qamar4, Samita Rijal5

  • 1Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|June 5, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Managing enteric fever is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and widespread antimicrobial resistance. Treatment decisions for typhoid and paratyphoid fever must consider local resistance patterns and emerging therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) management is complex in endemic areas.
  • Nonspecific symptoms, diagnostic limitations, and extensive antimicrobial resistance complicate treatment.
  • Resistance is documented for numerous antimicrobials, including azithromycin and fluoroquinolones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and current strategies in managing enteric fever.
  • To highlight the impact of antimicrobial resistance on treatment efficacy.
  • To explore emerging therapeutic options and research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on enteric fever treatment.
  • Analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns in typhoid and paratyphoid isolates.
  • Discussion of ongoing clinical trials and future research needs.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in efficacy were found between various antimicrobials in systematic reviews.
  • Extensively drug-resistant typhoid necessitates treatment with azithromycin and/or meropenem.
  • New strategies, like combination therapy (Azithromycin and Cefixime in Typhoid Fever - ACT-SA RCT), are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial selection for enteric fever should be guided by local resistance data and national guidelines.
  • Further research is needed for extensively drug-resistant strains and chronic carriers.
  • Novel agents like oral carbapenems and combination therapies show promise.
Keywords:
RCTsXDR typhoidantimicrobial resistanceenteric feversystematic reviews

More Related Videos

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens08:23

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Published on: March 10, 2020

11.7K
A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

9.1K

Related Concept Videos

Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
708
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
19
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
146
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
164
Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy

Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
467
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
984