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First Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of

N Mohammed Badawi1, M Mahmoud Qasim1, M Abbas Al-Graibawi1

  • 1Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

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|June 5, 2023
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Summary

This study detected Ehrlichia canis in dogs in Baghdad using molecular methods, revealing a 3.5% infection rate. Microscopic examination is unreliable for diagnosing this canine disease, emphasizing the need for molecular testing.

Keywords:
HematologyPolymerase Chain ReactionEhrlichia canis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Ehrlichia canis is an intracellular pathogen causing disease in dogs globally.
  • Canine ehrlichiosis diagnosis traditionally relies on clinical signs and hematology, which can be unreliable.
  • Limited data exists on Ehrlichia canis prevalence and molecular characteristics in Iraq.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Ehrlichia canis in dogs in Baghdad, Iraq.
  • To perform molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Ehrlichia canis.
  • To compare diagnostic accuracy between microscopic and molecular methods.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination of 200 dogs from April to September 2019.
  • Blood sample analysis including microscopy, complete blood count (CBC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Sequencing of the Ehrlichia canis 16s rRNA gene for phylogenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • A 3.5% infection rate was observed using both microscopic and molecular methods.
  • Clinical signs included ataxia, posterior recumbency, and vision problems.
  • Hematological values showed neutrophilia and monocytosis in infected dogs, but no significant overall differences.
  • Phylogenetic analysis confirmed high similarity (99%) to global Ehrlichia canis isolates.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic examination is insufficient for accurate Ehrlichia canis diagnosis due to potential misidentification.
  • Molecular methods like PCR are essential for confirming Ehrlichia canis infections in dogs.
  • This study provides crucial molecular and phylogenetic data for Ehrlichia canis in Iraq.