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Related Concept Videos

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

6.4K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

3.8K
Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
526
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

408
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
408
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

2.0K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
2.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

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Oral administration of

Youyoung Choi1,2, Shin Ja Lee2,3, Hyun Sang Kim2

  • 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil (PEO) shows potential in reducing methane (CH4) emissions in goats. PEO altered rumen microbial composition and function, offering insights for mitigating enteric CH4.

Keywords:
enteric methane emissionessential oilfeed additivesmetataxonomicrumen microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants contribute significantly to greenhouse gases.
  • Developing natural inhibitors to mitigate CH4 is crucial for sustainable livestock production.
  • Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil (PEO) has potential antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of PEO as a CH4 inhibitor in goats.
  • To determine the impact of PEO on the rumen microbial community's taxonomic and functional characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A 2x2 crossover design study involving 10 Korean native goats.
  • Dietary treatments included a control (CON) and PEO supplementation (1 g/d).
  • Methane emission measurements using a laser CH4 detector, rumen fluid and fecal sample analysis, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for microbial analysis.

Main Results:

  • PEO administration tended to reduce CH4 emission without affecting dry matter intake.
  • PEO altered rumen volatile fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, and blood metabolites.
  • PEO reduced fungal abundance and altered rumen prokaryotic microbiota composition and function, enriching pathways like pyruvate metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • PEO shows promise as a natural CH4 inhibitor in goats.
  • PEO influences rumen microbial community structure and metabolic functions.
  • Further research into PEO could lead to strategies for mitigating enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants.