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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

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Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
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Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
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Evaluating blended learning effectiveness: an empirical study from undergraduates' perspectives using structural

Xiaotian Han1

  • 1Department of Elementary School Education, School of Primary Education, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blended learning (BL) effectiveness positively impacts student outcomes. This study developed a BL effectiveness measurement and confirmed its association with improved academic performance for undergraduates.

Keywords:
blended learning effectivenessmeasurementstructural equation modelingstudent learning outcomesundergraduates

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Area of Science:

  • Education
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of blended learning (BL) globally.
  • Educators require validated tools to assess BL effectiveness and its impact on students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a measurement instrument for evaluating blended learning effectiveness among undergraduates.
  • To investigate the relationship between perceived blended learning effectiveness and student learning outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Stage I: Development of a measurement for undergraduate blended learning perceptions.
  • Stage II: Correlational design using SPSS and AMOS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling.
  • Utilized statistical analyses to validate the measurement and test hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • A unified system of blended learning factors was identified: course overview, objectives, assessments, activities, resources, and technology support.
  • A significant positive association was found between blended learning effectiveness and student learning outcomes.
  • The developed measurement effectively captured undergraduate perceptions of blended learning.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully developed and validated a measurement for blended learning effectiveness in higher education.
  • Blended learning effectiveness is a significant predictor of positive student learning outcomes.
  • Findings support the integration and optimization of blended learning strategies to enhance student success.