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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
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[Hypersomnia in mental disorders].

O V Kotova1,2, A A Belyaev3, V E Medvedev1

  • 1Medical Institute of Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excessive daytime sleepiness, known as hypersomnia, affects millions globally and is linked to mental health issues. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause, especially when hypersomnia is secondary to mental disorders.

Keywords:
affective disordersderivative hypersomniadiagnosticsdifferential diagnosisgenetic preconditionhypersomniamental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine

Context:

  • Hypersomnia, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), affects 15.6% of adults worldwide.
  • EDS is significantly more prevalent in certain populations, with one study showing 39.2% in Russia.
  • Hypersomnia is associated with numerous comorbidities, including obesity and mental health disorders, and negatively impacts quality of life.

Purpose:

  • To explore the multifaceted nature of hypersomnia, particularly its relationship with mental disorders.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for assessing excessive daytime sleepiness.
  • To outline therapeutic strategies for hypersomniac syndromes, emphasizing etiological treatment.

Summary:

  • Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a primary symptom of hypersomnia, independent of nocturnal sleep disturbances.
  • Hypersomnia in psychiatric patients is often secondary, commonly occurring with depression or bipolar disorder.
  • Diagnostic tools include self-observation, multiple sleep latency tests, actigraphy, and polysomnography. Treatment requires addressing the underlying cause, especially in secondary hypersomnia.

Impact:

  • Understanding hypersomnia's link to mental health is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • Improved management of hypersomnia can reduce healthcare resource utilization and enhance patients' quality of life.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between self-reported sleep and objective sleep measures in hypersomnia.