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New Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT Performs Poorly on the 2022 Self-assessment Study Program for Urology.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Urology

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) show promise in various fields, but their utility in medical education requires thorough evaluation.
  • The American Urological Association (AUA) Self-assessment Study Program serves as a key educational resource for urology professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT as an educational tool for urology trainees and practicing physicians using the AUA Self-assessment Study Program.
  • To evaluate ChatGPT's accuracy and consistency in answering urological assessment questions.

Main Methods:

  • 135 questions from the 2022 AUA Self-assessment Study Program (excluding visual items) were used.
  • Questions were categorized as open-ended or multiple-choice.
  • ChatGPT responses were evaluated for correctness, with regeneration up to two times for indeterminate answers.
  • Accuracy, concordance, and quality were assessed by independent researchers and physician adjudicators.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT achieved low accuracy: 26.7% for open-ended and 28.2% for multiple-choice questions.
  • Indeterminate responses were frequent (29.6% open-ended, 3.0% multiple-choice).
  • Regeneration did not significantly improve the proportion of correct answers, and ChatGPT consistently provided justifications for incorrect responses.

Conclusions:

  • ChatGPT's performance on the AUA Self-assessment Study Program did not meet expectations, unlike its performance on general medical licensing exams.
  • Accuracy was higher for multiple-choice questions compared to open-ended ones.
  • The consistent generation of incorrect justifications highlights a significant risk of propagating medical misinformation if unchecked.