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Historical plant introductions predict current insect invasions.

Aymeric Bonnamour1, Rachael E Blake2, Andrew M Liebhold3,4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Nonnative plants facilitate insect invasions, with past plant introductions predicting current insect flows. Limiting nonnative plant spread is crucial for preventing future plant and insect invasions.

Keywords:
invasion debtnonnative insectsnonnative plantsspecies flowtime lag

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Thousands of insect species are invasive globally, impacting ecosystems and human societies.
  • Nonnative plants provide essential resources and habitats, facilitating insect establishment and acting as introduction pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that plant invasions precede and promote insect invasions.
  • To quantify the current and future impact of nonnative plants on insect invasions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of geographical variation in nonnative insect and plant flows.
  • Statistical modeling to assess the predictive power of past plant flows on current insect invasions.
  • Estimation of global insect invasion debt based on observed time lags.

Main Results:

  • Nonnative plant flows dating back to 1900 were the strongest predictor of current nonnative insect flows.
  • Nonnative plant flows outperformed socioeconomic variables in predicting insect invasions.
  • An estimated 3,442 region-level insect introductions (invasion debt) were identified, potentially increasing global insect invasions by 35%.

Conclusions:

  • Plant invasions significantly precede and facilitate insect invasions.
  • The Afrotropics, Neotropics, and Indomalaya face the largest future increases in nonnative insect discoveries.
  • Controlling nonnative plant spread is a critical strategy for mitigating future plant and insect invasions.