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A framework for understanding and predicting orthohantavirus functional traits.

Nathaniel Mull1, Stephanie N Seifert2, Kristian M Forbes1

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Orthohantaviruses pose a global health risk. A new classification based on rodent host phylogeny, rather than geography, better predicts virus traits and aids public health strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Rodent Ecology

Background:

  • Orthohantaviruses are a significant global health concern, with 58 recognized viruses and varying fatality rates.
  • Current classification often uses a geographic (Old World vs. New World) dichotomy, which can obscure important evolutionary and ecological relationships.
  • Related arvicoline rodents and their associated orthohantaviruses exist in both geographic regions, highlighting limitations of the current system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new framework for classifying orthohantaviruses based on phylogenetic relationships with their rodent hosts.
  • To demonstrate how this phylogenetically-based approach can better explain functional traits of orthohantaviruses.
  • To provide a tool for predicting characteristics of newly discovered or under-studied orthohantaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of orthohantaviruses and their rodent hosts.
  • Comparative analysis of functional traits across different viral groups.
  • Evaluation of the proposed classification system against existing geographic models.

Main Results:

  • Orthohantaviruses can be effectively categorized into three distinct groups based on rodent host phylogeny.
  • This phylogenetic grouping correlates with significant differences in key functional traits, including human disease potential, transmission routes, and virus-host specificity.
  • The proposed framework offers a more accurate representation of orthohantavirus diversity and evolution compared to geographic classifications.

Conclusions:

  • A phylogenetically-based classification of orthohantaviruses provides superior insights into their traits and risks.
  • This approach can enhance our understanding of orthohantavirus emergence and evolution.
  • The proposed framework is valuable for informing public health policies and biosafety measures related to orthohantavirus prevention and control.