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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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Local translation in microglial processes is required for efficient phagocytosis.

Michael J Vasek1,2, Shayna M Mueller1,2, Stuart B Fass1,2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

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|June 5, 2023
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Summary

Peripheral microglial processes (PeMPs) in the mouse brain perform local protein synthesis. This local translation is essential for microglial functions like phagocytosis and pathogen defense.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes regulate protein translation in their distal processes.
  • The role of local translation in microglial processes, particularly peripheral microglial processes (PeMPs), remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether regulated local protein translation occurs within peripheral microglial processes (PeMPs) in the mouse brain.
  • To determine the functional significance of local translation in PeMPs for microglial activities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ribosome engagement and associated transcripts in PeMPs.
  • Live slice preparation to assess the impact of translation blockade on PeMP function.
  • Observation of PeMP behavior and phagocytosis in response to severed conditions and translation inhibition.

Main Results:

  • PeMPs contain active ribosomes involved in de novo protein synthesis, associated with transcripts for pathogen defense, motility, and phagocytosis.
  • Inhibition of acute translation in PeMPs impaired phagocytic cup formation, lysosomal protein localization, and the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and pathogen-like particles.
  • Severed PeMPs demonstrated and required de novo local protein synthesis for effective phagocytosis of pathogen-like particles.

Conclusions:

  • These findings provide evidence for regulated local protein translation within peripheral microglial processes.
  • Local protein synthesis in PeMPs is crucial for supporting dynamic microglial functions, including phagocytosis and response to pathogens.