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Yue He1, Yongwen Liu2, Lingjie Lei1

  • 1Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.

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|June 6, 2023
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Summary

Carbon dioxide fertilization significantly boosted forest biomass carbon storage in Northern Hemisphere ecosystems. This process accounted for over half of the biomass increase since the 1990s, highlighting forests

Keywords:
CO2 fertilizationCO2-enrichment experimentscarbon cyclingdynamic global vegetation modelsemergent constrain

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical ecosystems (NHee) represent a significant carbon sink, but the drivers are uncertain.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization is a proposed driver of increased terrestrial carbon uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and quantify the historical role of CO2 fertilization on forest biomass carbon storage.
  • To compare model estimates with observational data to constrain the CO2 fertilization effect.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated data from 24 CO2-enrichment experiments.
  • Utilized an ensemble of 10 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs).
  • Employed emergent constraint techniques and observation-based biomass datasets (inventories, satellites).

Main Results:

  • DGVMs underestimated CO2 fertilization effects in forests but overestimated them in grasslands historically.
  • Constrained CO2 fertilization effect on forest biomass (β Forest Mod) was 0.86 ± 0.28 kg C m⁻² [100 ppm]⁻¹.
  • CO2 fertilization accounted for 54–64% of the increase in forest biomass carbon storage since the 1990s.

Conclusions:

  • CO2 fertilization has been the dominant driver of forest biomass carbon sinks in recent decades.
  • Accurate quantification of CO2 fertilization is crucial for understanding forest C cycling.
  • Findings support the role of forests in climate change mitigation policies.