Chronic Myeloid Leukemia During Pregnancy with Placental Involvement: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurrence during pregnancy is unusual due to the low prevalence of the disease in women of childbearing age, with only three reported cases. Case report: The mother was diagnosed with CML with positive BCR-ABL gene fusion in her 32nd week of gestation. The placenta showed an increased population of myelocytes and segmented neutrophils in the intervillous space and features of maternal villous malperfusion (increased perivillous fibrinoid material and distal villous hypoplasia). The mother underwent leukapheresis and delivered the neonate at 33 wk gestation. The neonate demonstrated neither leukemia nor other pathology. The mother is in remission after four years of follow-up. Conclusion: Leukapheresis was performed safely during pregnancy and provided a safe management strategy until the delivery one week later.