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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
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Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish
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Osmoregulatory Performance among Prickly Sculpin (

Shuang Liu, Eric B Taylor, Jeffrey G Richards

    Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ
    |June 6, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Marine fish adapting to freshwater may lose seawater osmoregulation ability. Prickly sculpin isolated in freshwater showed reduced seawater ion regulation compared to coastal populations.

    Keywords:
    Cottus asperH+-ATPaseNa+/K+-ATPaseintestinal precipitationseawater osmoregulation

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    Area of Science:

    • * Physiology and adaptation of marine-origin fish in freshwater environments.
    • * Euryhaline fish osmoregulation and ion transport mechanisms.

    Background:

    • * Marine fish colonizing freshwater face hypoosmotic challenges, potentially affecting their ability to osmoregulate in saltwater.
    • * The prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), a euryhaline species, has marine ancestors and has colonized freshwater habitats postglacially.
    • * Previous studies suggest freshwater isolation in C. asper may lead to adaptations favoring freshwater ion regulation over seawater adaptation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate if long-term freshwater colonization impairs the seawater osmoregulation capacity of prickly sculpin.
    • * To compare the seawater osmoregulation of C. asper populations from habitats with varying degrees of isolation from marine environments.

    Main Methods:

    • * Acclimation of C. asper populations from three distinct habitat types (varying isolation from marine environments) to seawater conditions.
    • * Comparative analysis of seawater osmoregulation, including gill and intestinal enzyme activities (Na+/K+-ATPase, H+-ATPase), plasma ion concentrations, and intestinal carbonate precipitate production.

    Main Results:

    • * Lake populations of C. asper exhibited reduced seawater osmoregulation compared to coastal river populations.
    • * Lake populations showed lower gill Na+/K+-ATPase and intestinal H+-ATPase activities, poorer plasma ion maintenance, and reduced intestinal carbonate precipitate formation in seawater.
    • * A positive correlation was observed between anterior intestinal Na+/K+-ATPase activity and precipitate production, indicating the intestine's role in seawater osmoregulation.

    Conclusions:

    • * Long-term isolation from marine environments in freshwater populations of C. asper is associated with a diminished capacity for seawater osmoregulation.
    • * Enzyme activities and physiological responses involved in ion regulation are affected by the extent of isolation from the sea.
    • * The findings highlight the potential trade-offs in osmoregulatory adaptation between freshwater and marine environments for postglacial colonizers.