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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Structure and Bonding of Alkenes02:47

Structure and Bonding of Alkenes

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Olefins, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds, are broadly divided into alkenes and cycloalkenes. The general chemical formula of an alkene is CnH2n.
Doubly bonded carbons are sp2 hybridized and have a trigonal planar geometry. The double bond is composed of a σ bond formed by the overlap of hybrid orbitals and a π bond produced by the lateral overlap of unhybridized 2p orbitals on both the carbons. Each carbon atom is...
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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Pd-Enriched-Core/Pt-Enriched-Shell High-Entropy Alloy with Face-Centred Cubic Structure for C

Xianzhuo Lao1, Xuejiang Liao1, Chen Chen1

  • 1Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) offer unique catalytic properties. This study synthesized PdAgSn/PtBi HEA NPs, demonstrating superior performance and durability for methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions.

Keywords:
Alcohol OxidationDFT CalculationsHigh-Entropy AlloyNanocatalysisNanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) are recognized for their unique electrochemical, catalytic, and mechanical properties.
  • Their multielement tunability makes them suitable for complex, multi-step reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile low-temperature synthesis method for producing Pd-enriched-HEA-core and Pt-enriched-HEA-shell nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the structural properties and electrocatalytic performance of these novel HEA NPs for oxidation reactions.

Main Methods:

  • A low-temperature, atmospheric pressure synthesis method was employed.
  • The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their structural phase and lattice properties.
  • Electrocatalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Single-phase face-centred cubic structure HEA NPs (PdAgSn/PtBi) were successfully synthesized.
  • The HEA NPs exhibited enlarged lattice structures with tensile strains.
  • The PdAgSn/PtBi HEA NPs demonstrated significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability for MOR and EOR compared to commercial catalysts.
  • Specific activity for MOR was 4.7 mA cm⁻² (2874 mA mg(Pd+Pt)⁻¹), outperforming Pd/C and Pt/C.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized HEA NPs show excellent potential for electrocatalytic applications, particularly in MOR and EOR.
  • Synergistic effects between Pt and Pd sites at the HEA interface enhance catalytic performance.
  • This work presents a viable route for scalable manufacturing of HEA NPs with promising applications.