Stroke in the young: incidence and pattern in Benghazi, Libya.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Stroke, a leading cause of disability and death, traditionally affects older populations.
• However, a rising incidence of stroke in younger individuals (stroke in the young) presents a growing public health concern globally.
• Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of stroke in the young is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the incidence and characteristics of stroke in the young (15-40 years) in Benghazi.
• To identify associated risk factors contributing to stroke in this age group.
• To analyze the demographic and clinical profile of young stroke patients.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study analyzing stroke cases registered in Benghazi over a one-year period (November 1, 1983 - October 30, 1984).
• Inclusion criteria focused on patients aged 15-40 years.
• Data collection included patient demographics, clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Out of 329 stroke cases, 63 (32 males, 31 females) were in the 15-40 age group.
• The annual age-specific crude incidence rates were 39.3/100,000 for men and 40.3/100,000 for women.
• Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia were significant risk factors. 78% of young stroke victims had one or more risk factors, and all patients under 30 had identified risk factors. Eight young stroke patients died.

Conclusions:

• Benghazi exhibits a high incidence of stroke in the young, not attributable to population age structure.
• Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia are significant risk factors for stroke in this demographic.
• The high prevalence of risk factors in young stroke patients underscores the need for early detection and management to reduce morbidity and mortality.