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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

5.8K
Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals
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Methane emissions and 13C composition from beef steers consuming binary C3-C4 diets.

David M Jaramillo1, Martin Ruiz-Moreno2, Joao M B Vendramini3

  • 1Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management, USDA-ARS U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.

Journal of Animal Science
|June 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Including rhizoma peanut (RP) in bahiagrass diets did not alter methane production in beef steers. However, the δ13C technique effectively tracked dietary contributions to enteric methane emissions, proving useful for C3-C4 binary diets.

Keywords:
digestibilityforagegreenhouse gas emissionsintakeruminant

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Improving forage quality can reduce methane emission intensity in ruminants.
  • Legumes are often explored for their potential to enhance forage nutritive value and mitigate enteric methane emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata; RP) inclusion in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay diets on intake and methane (CH4) production in beef steers.
  • To assess the utility of enteric CH4 δ13C for estimating the proportion of RP contribution to emissions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five Angus-crossbred steers were fed diets with varying proportions of RP and bahiagrass hay (0% to 100% RP).
  • Methane emissions were quantified using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique.
  • Apparent total tract digestibility was determined using indigestible neutral detergent fiber.
  • A two-pool mixing model was employed to predict diet source contributions using CH4 δ13C analysis.

Main Results:

  • Dietary inclusion of RP did not significantly affect steer intake or total CH4 production.
  • Average CH4 production was 250 g CH4/d per animal and 33 g CH4/kg dry matter intake across all treatments.
  • CH4 δ13C values became progressively more depleted (negative) with increasing RP proportion, showing a quadratic effect (P=0.04).
  • Regression analysis demonstrated a strong relationship (Adj. R2=0.89) between predicted and observed RP proportions using CH4 δ13C, indicating its utility for tracking dietary contributions in C3-C4 forage systems.

Conclusions:

  • While direct reduction in CH4 production was not observed with RP inclusion in this C4-based hay diet, the δ13C technique proved effective for monitoring dietary influences on enteric methane.
  • The δ13C signature in enteric methane can serve as a reliable tool for estimating the contribution of different forage sources in mixed-diet scenarios.