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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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Plant-pathogen management in a native forest ecosystem.

Josie C Mainwaring1, Jochem N A Vink1, Monica L Gerth2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, Aotearoa New Zealand.

Current Biology : CB
|June 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forest pathogens threaten global ecosystems, exacerbated by climate change. Managing diseases like Phytophthora agathidicida in native trees requires a holistic approach targeting the disease triangle and integrating indigenous knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Forest pathology
  • Ecology
  • Plant disease management

Background:

  • Global forest ecosystems face increasing threats from plant-disease outbreaks.
  • Factors like pollution, climate change, and pathogen movement intensify disease impacts.
  • The New Zealand kauri tree (Agathis australis) is threatened by the oomycetepathogen Phytophthora agathidicida.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the application of the disease triangle framework to forest pathogens, using kauri dieback as a case study.
  • To explore the challenges in applying the disease triangle to long-lived native trees compared to crops.
  • To highlight the complexities of environmental factors and management strategies for forest diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of Phytophthora agathidicida and its impact on Agathis australis.
  • Examination of the host-pathogen-environment interactions within the disease triangle framework.
  • Comparative analysis of disease management in forest ecosystems versus agricultural crops.

Main Results:

  • The disease triangle framework is more complex to apply to trees due to differences in reproductive cycles, domestication, and biodiversity.
  • Managing Phytophthora diseases presents unique challenges compared to fungal or bacterial pathogens.
  • Forest ecosystems involve intricate environmental variables (biotic, abiotic, land use, climate change) complicating disease management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of forest pathogens requires simultaneously addressing multiple components of the disease triangle.
  • Integrating indigenous knowledge systems offers a holistic approach to managing forest diseases in Aotearoa New Zealand and globally.
  • Understanding the unique ecological context is crucial for successful forest disease mitigation strategies.