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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

2.5K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

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When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

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Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
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Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

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Electrocardiography signal compression using non-decimated stationary wavelet transform-based technique.

Neenu Sharma1, Ramesh Kumar Sunkaria1

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India.

Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
|June 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an effective Electrocardiograph (ECG) compression technique using a non-decimated stationary wavelet transform and run-length encoding. The method significantly reduces data size while minimizing signal distortion for telecardiology applications.

Keywords:
ECG signalNSWTadaptive thresholdingquantizationrun-length encoding

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Telemedicine

Background:

  • Telecardiology requires efficient processing and transmission of bio-signals like ECG.
  • High storage and bandwidth demands hinder effective clinical data communication.
  • Electrocardiograph (ECG) compression with high fidelity is crucial for telecardiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel ECG compression technique with reduced signal distortion.
  • To improve compression ratios and maintain signal integrity for clinical use.
  • To propose a method combining non-decimated stationary wavelet transform (NSWT) and run-length encoding (RLE).

Main Methods:

  • Developed an ECG compression method using NSWT with biorthogonal wavelets.
  • Applied thresholding, Savitzky-Golay filtering, and dead-zone quantization to wavelet coefficients.
  • Utilized run-length encoding (RLE) for efficient compression of quantized coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average compression ratio of 33.12 on the MITDB database.
  • Reported a Percentage Root Mean Square Deviation (PRD) of 1.99, indicating low distortion.
  • Demonstrated superior performance compared to existing ECG compression methods.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed NSWT and RLE technique offers a high compression ratio for ECG signals.
  • The method effectively reduces signal distortion, enhancing its suitability for telecardiology.
  • This approach presents a promising solution for efficient ECG data management and transmission.