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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

838
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
838

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
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CD3

Subramaniam Ramanathan1, Su Han Lum2, Zohreh Nademi2

  • 1Department of Paediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
|June 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Salvage allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using T-cell depleted grafts from mismatched donors offers a safe and effective strategy for children with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) experiencing graft dysfunction. This approach demonstrates promising survival rates and manageable toxicities, providing a viable option when matched donors are unavailable.

Keywords:
Second transplantTCRαβdepleted HSCTgraft dysfunctioninborn errors of immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Graft dysfunction occurs in a minority of children undergoing allogeneic HSCT for inborn errors of immunity (IEI).
  • Optimal salvage HSCT strategies, including conditioning and stem cell source, remain unclear for these patients.
  • This study evaluates a specific salvage HSCT approach for graft dysfunction in pediatric IEI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report outcomes of salvage CD3+TCRαβ/CD19-depleted mismatched family or unrelated donor stem cell transplantation (TCRαβ-SCT) for graft dysfunction in children with IEI.
  • To assess overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), GVHD-free and event-free survival (GEFS), toxicities, and graft function.
  • To determine the safety and efficacy of TCRαβ-SCT as a second HSCT option.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 12 children with IEI who underwent TCRαβ-SCT between 2013 and 2022.
  • Utilized treosulfan-based reduced-toxicity myeloablative conditioning and CD3+TCRαβ/CD19-depleted grafts from mismatched family or unrelated donors.
  • Analyzed outcomes including survival, GVHD, viremia, and graft function.

Main Results:

  • All 12 patients engrafted, with median neutrophil and platelet recovery at 15 and 12 days, respectively.
  • Two-year OS, EFS, and GEFS were 100%, 73%, and 73%, respectively.
  • Low rates of severe acute GVHD (aGVHD) (grade II in 33%, no grade III-IV) and no chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were observed; 75% experienced viremia.

Conclusions:

  • CD3+TCRαβ/CD19-depleted mismatched donor HSCT (TCRαβ-SCT) is a safe and effective salvage strategy for second HSCT in children with IEI and graft dysfunction.
  • This approach provides a viable alternative when matched donors are unavailable, demonstrating good survival outcomes.
  • The conditioning regimen and stem cell source used are suitable for salvage transplantation in this challenging patient population.