Baseline reticular basement membrane morphology is related to subsequent spirometry deterioration in pediatric

Václav Koucký1,2, Jiří Uhlík2, Lenka Hoňková1,2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.

Insights

Reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening in children with asthma, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia predicts future lung function decline. Baseline RBM morphology and ventilation inhomogeneity help predict spirometry trends.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening is observed in pediatric allergic bronchial asthma (BA), cystic fibrosis (CF), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).
  • The functional impact of RBM thickening on lung function progression in these conditions is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between baseline RBM thickness and subsequent spirometry trends in children with BA, CF, and PCD.
  • To determine if RBM morphology and ventilation inhomogeneity can predict future lung function decline.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort follow-up study involving pediatric patients (3-18 years) with BA, CF, PCD, and healthy controls.
  • Baseline measurements included lung clearance index (LCI), spirometry, and endobronchial biopsy for RBM and collagen IV thickness.
  • Longitudinal spirometry data (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) were analyzed using univariate and multiple regression models.

Main Results:

  • RBM was significantly thicker in patients with BA, CF, and PCD compared to controls (P < 0.001).
  • LCI was elevated in CF and PCD patients versus controls (P < 0.001, P = 0.002).
  • Spirometry z-scores (FEV1, FEV1/FVC) deteriorated significantly in all patient groups but not controls.
  • Baseline RBM morphology and LCI correlated with FEV1 trends in CF and PCD; collagen IV correlated in BA.
  • RBM morphology and ventilation inhomogeneity predicted up to 84.4% of spirometry trend variability.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline RBM morphology and LCI are significant predictors of subsequent spirometry trends in children with BA, CF, and PCD.
  • These findings suggest that RBM characteristics and ventilation patterns may play a crucial role in the progression of lung disease in these pediatric populations.
  • The study proposes novel predictive models for lung function development based on endobronchial biopsy and lung clearance index measurements.

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