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The long-term effects of the Covid-19 infection on cardiac symptoms

Reza Golchin Vafa1,2, Reza Heydarzadeh1,2, Mohammadhossein Rahmani2

  • 1Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
|June 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Long COVID can cause lasting cardiovascular issues, with dyspnea being the most common symptom a year after infection. Hospitalized patients experienced more major adverse cardiac events, highlighting the need for ongoing cardiovascular monitoring post-COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to affect multiple organ systems beyond the lungs, including the cardiovascular system.
  • Long-term complications of COVID-19 are increasingly recognized, necessitating further investigation into persistent symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and characteristics of long-term cardiovascular symptoms in patients one year after COVID-19 infection.
  • To identify risk factors associated with persistent cardiovascular issues and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients from an outpatient cardiovascular clinic in Shiraz, Iran.
  • Data were collected from October 2020 to May 2021, including patient history of COVID-19 at least one year prior, current symptoms (dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations), and incidence of MACE.

Main Results:

  • The most frequent long-term cardiovascular symptoms included exertional dyspnea (51.2%), dyspnea at rest (41.6%), fatigue (39%), and chest pain (27.1%).
  • Symptoms were more prevalent in patients who had been hospitalized for COVID-19.
  • The overall incidence of MACE was 6.1% during the 12-month follow-up, with higher rates observed in previously hospitalized patients or those with comorbid conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A significant prevalence of cardiovascular symptoms persists one year after COVID-19 infection, with dyspnea being the most common.
  • Hospitalization for COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of MACE, underscoring the importance of cardiovascular surveillance in these patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Cardiovascular systemPost-Acute COVID-19 syndromeSigns and symptoms

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