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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Visualizing Scar Development Using SCAD Assay - An Ex-situ Skin Scarring Assay
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SCN

Akiko Fujiwara1, Ikuo Yasumasu1

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium thiocyanate (SCN-) disrupts sea urchin egg development by affecting fertilization envelope hardening and blastomere binding. This chemical likely denatures key surface compounds, leading to abnormal embryo morphogenesis and developmental blocks.

Keywords:
(sea urchinanimalizationfertilization envelopehyaline layerthiocyanate

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Marine Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sea urchin embryos are a model system for studying early development.
  • Fertilization envelope formation and blastomere adhesion are critical early events.
  • The role of specific ions and chemicals in these processes requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) on sea urchin egg fertilization and early embryonic development.
  • To determine the impact of NaSCN on fertilization envelope hardening, blastomere binding, and morphogenesis.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms by which NaSCN exerts its effects, particularly concerning protein denaturation.

Main Methods:

  • Sea urchin eggs were exposed to artificial sea water (ASW) containing varying concentrations of NaSCN (0.01-0.3 M) in place of NaCl.
  • Observations were made on fertilization envelope formation, blastomere dissociation, and embryonic morphogenesis.
  • Experiments were conducted both with and without calcium ions (Ca2+), and with inhibitors like furosemide and 4,4'-diisothiocyano 2,2'-disulfonic stilbene.

Main Results:

  • NaSCN treatment resulted in thin, easily disrupted fertilization envelopes.
  • High concentrations of NaSCN (0.2 M) caused spontaneous blastomere dissociation, hindering reaggregation.
  • Morphogenesis was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, with abnormal blastomere arrangements observed.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium thiocyanate (SCN-) likely denatures essential compounds involved in fertilization envelope hardening and blastomere adhesion.
  • SCN- exposure leads to abnormal embryonic development and blocks key morphogenic processes.
  • The effects of SCN- are exacerbated in the absence of calcium ions (Ca2+).