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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies
Published on: April 22, 2017
F9 Cells Can be Differentiated toward Two Distinct, Mutually Exclusive Pathways by Retinoic Acid and Sodium Butyrate:
Mitsuko Kosaka1, Masashi Takeda2, Keishi Matsumoto3
1Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565, JAPAN.
Abstract:
Both retinoic acid (RA) and sodium butyrate (NaB) induce differentiation in embryonal carcinoma F9 cells. Phenotypic changes caused by RA are irreversible, whereas those of NaB are rapid and reversible. In this study, we investigated the effects of combinations of these two agents on F9 cell differentiation and showed that RA had no effect on the cells induced to differentiate with NaB and vice versa. Thus, F9 cells are induced to differentiate along two distinct pathways which are mutually exclusive.
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