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DIFFERENTIAL INITIATION OF rRNA GENE ACTIVITY IN PROGENIES OF DIFFERENT BLASTOMERES OF EARLY XENOPUS EMBRYOS: EVIDENCE FOR REGULATED SYNTHESIS OF rRNA.

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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PATTERN OF RNA SYNTHESIS IN XENOPUS LAEVIS NEURULA CELLS.

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LOCALIZATION AND SEGREGATION OF MATERNAL RNA'S DURING EARLY CLEAVAGE OF XENOPUS LAEVIS EMBRYOS.

N Sagata1, K Okuyama1, K Yamana1

  • 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University 33, Fukuoka, 812, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Maternal RNAs, including ribosomal RNA and poly(A)+ RNA, are concentrated in the animal hemisphere of Xenopus laevis embryos. This localization is maintained through cell division from egg to blastula stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early embryonic development relies on maternally inherited factors.
  • Understanding RNA localization is crucial for deciphering developmental patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of maternal ribosomal RNA and poly(A)+ RNA in early Xenopus laevis embryos.
  • To determine how these RNAs segregate during cleavage and blastulation.

Main Methods:

  • Manual separation of blastomeres and hemispheres from Xenopus laevis embryos.
  • Quantification of RNA using optical density and 3H-poly(U) hybridization.
  • Analysis of RNA size distribution via gel electrophoresis.

Main Results:

  • Maternal RNAs were predominantly found in the animal hemisphere (two-thirds of total).
  • RNA distribution was uniform between dorsal and ventral halves.
  • Localization patterns remained consistent from egg to blastula stages.
  • Cytoplasmic polyadenylation occurred uniformly across all embryonic regions.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal RNAs are simply segregated into blastomeres through cell division.
  • No significant regional differences in polyadenylated or non-polyadenylated RNA localization were observed.
  • Findings provide insights into early amphibian embryo patterning along animal-vegetal and dorsal-ventral axes.