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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

19.8K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
19.8K
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:21

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

7.3K
Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in water and readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion.
7.3K
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

31.0K
Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with...
31.0K
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

29.3K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
29.3K
Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions01:27

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

6.9K
Acids and bases play several important roles in biology. The pH of a biological system can significantly impact the function of biological molecules, including enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. For example, enzymes have optimal pH ranges for their activity, and changes in pH can denature or alter their structure, affecting their function. Acids and bases also play a crucial role in cellular signaling and communication. The pH of the extracellular fluid around cells can influence the...
6.9K
Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

6.9K
The acidity of carboxylic acids is influenced by the nature of the substituents bounded to the functional group. The acid strength is determined by the stability of the carboxylate anion—the conjugate base formed by dissociating the corresponding carboxylic acid.
6.9K

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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System
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Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System

Published on: November 19, 2017

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Acidic CO

Ting Zhang1, Jinlei Zhou1, Ting Luo1

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction in acidic media avoids carbonate issues but faces challenges with the hydrogen evolution reaction. This review explores strategies to suppress hydrogen evolution and enhance CO2 conversion for sustainable fuel production.

Keywords:
(bi)carbonate crossoverAcidic electrolyteCO2 electroreductioncompetitive HERmicroenvironment regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2 RR) is vital for sustainable fuel production and carbon neutrality.
  • Neutral and alkaline electrolytes suffer from carbonate formation and crossover, reducing efficiency.
  • Acidic electrolytes mitigate carbonate issues but face competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in acidic CO2 electrolysis.
  • To discuss limitations and strategies for suppressing HER in acidic CO2 RR.
  • To provide perspectives on improving CO2 conversion efficiency in acidic media.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing recent progress in acidic CO2 electrolysis.
  • Analyzing key factors limiting acidic electrolyte application.
  • Discussing strategies: electrolyte microenvironment modulation, cation adjustment, surface functionalization, nanoconfinement, and novel electrolyzer design.

Main Results:

  • Acidic electrolytes effectively address carbonate formation and crossover issues.
  • Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a significant challenge, reducing CO2 conversion efficiency.
  • Various strategies show promise in suppressing HER and enhancing acidic CO2 RR.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming HER competition is crucial for efficient acidic CO2 electrolysis.
  • Advanced strategies like microenvironment control and nanoconfinement offer solutions.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of acidic CO2 RR for sustainable fuel production.