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Racial Segregation under Slavery.
1Duke University, USA.
Social Forces; a Scientific Medium of Social Study and Interpretation
|June 7, 2023
Summary
Slavery, not just Jim Crow, created racial segregation in the US by isolating enslaved people and free people of color. This study reveals segregation patterns during the antebellum period, challenging prior assumptions.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- History
- Demography
Background:
- Extensive research exists on racial segregation post-Civil Rights and under Jim Crow.
- Less attention has been paid to slavery's role in shaping Black residential patterns in the US.
- A common assumption is that slavery made racial segregation unnecessary or impractical.
Purpose of the Study:
- To argue that slavery produced racial segregation during the antebellum period.
- To examine the residential isolation of slaves and free people of color.
- To challenge the assumption that slavery did not necessitate segregation.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing data from the 1850 Census.
- Employing an architectural survey of antebellum sites.
- Applying racial threat theory to test hypotheses.
Main Results:
- Residential segregation of free people of color correlated with their local prevalence.
- Residential segregation of slaves correlated with the prevalence of the slave population.
- These patterns persisted even when controlling for economic competition and past slave rebellions.
Conclusions:
- Slavery actively produced racial segregation through residential isolation.
- Antebellum segregation patterns were influenced by the concentration of enslaved and free Black populations.
- Findings necessitate a re-evaluation of slavery's impact on American residential segregation.