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Plant developmental stage influences responses of

Ehren Reid Von Moler1, Thomas Kolb2, Anne Brady1

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PubMed
Summary

Climate warming impacts southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) seedlings differently based on developmental stage. Early warming reduces seedling emergence but enhances stress resistance later in development.

Keywords:
acclimationchlorophyll fluorescenceclimate changeembryogenesisgrowth tradeoffsheat wavein situ warmingoxidative stresspineseedlingwater relations physiology

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry
  • Plant Physiology
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) is a key species in its ecosystem.
  • Climate warming presents challenges to conifer seedling establishment and survival.
  • Understanding plant responses to varying temperatures across developmental stages is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of experimental warming on southwestern white pine seedling emergence, survival, and physiological traits.
  • To determine how warming applied during different developmental stages (embryogenesis, germination, seedling growth) influences plant performance.
  • To assess the impact of warming on oxidative stress resistance and water relations.

Main Methods:

  • Cones were warmed (+2.1°C) during embryogenesis.
  • Seeds and seedlings were subjected to three distinct thermal regimes in growth chambers, with 4°C increments.
  • Measurements included seedling emergence, survival, morphological traits, physiological traits, oxidative stress resistance, and water use.

Main Results:

  • Embryo warming reduced seedling emergence across all environments.
  • Embryo warming decreased seedling mortality in the warmest growth environment.
  • Warm thermal regimes during seedling growth enhanced oxidative stress resistance and transpirational water use.
  • Warming during germination and seedling growth, but not embryogenesis, affected oxidative stress resistance, morphology, and water relations.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental warming during seed development, germination, and seedling growth significantly affects southwestern white pine seedling emergence and survival.
  • The impact of warming on seedling traits is dependent on the developmental stage at which the warming occurs.
  • Plant responses to heat stress are complex and vary with both the magnitude of temperature change and the plant's developmental stage.