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Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. Highly accurate...

Statistical Analysis: Overview

Statistical Analysis: Overview

When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
One of the most commonly used statistical quantifiers is the mean, which is the ratio between the sum of the numerical values of all results and the...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...

Rules for Significant Figures

Rules for Significant Figures

In any measurement, the precision of the measuring tool is an essential factor. An ordinary ruler, for example, can measure length to the closest millimeter; a caliper, on the other hand, can measure length to the nearest 0.01 mm. As a result, the caliper is a more precise measurement tool because it can measure extremely minute changes in length. The measurements will be more accurate if the measuring tool is more precise.
It should be emphasized that when we represent measured values, the...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a measured value; for example, if a scale that shows weight to the nearest pound reads “140,” then the 1 (hundreds), 4 (tens), and 0 (ones) are all significant (measured) values.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 3, 2021

Precision of quantitative parameters of

Bin Guo¹, Li Hu², Qijun Cai¹

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery

|June 7, 2023

Summary

This study determined the precision of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in a VX2 tumor rabbit model. Results show measurement variability to accurately assess therapeutic effects in solid tumors.

Keywords:

Precision VX2 tumor model flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)least significant change (LSC)

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

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Area of Science:

Nuclear Medicine
Oncology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Quantitative parameters from 18F-FDG PET/CT are crucial for evaluating solid tumor treatment efficacy.
Understanding measurement error (precision) is vital to distinguish true biological changes from technical variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a method for assessing the precision of quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters in a rabbit VX2 tumor model.
To determine the least significant change (LSC) for key imaging biomarkers.

Main Methods:

18 VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits underwent repeated 18F-FDG PET/CT scans over three consecutive days.
Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) and lean body mass-corrected SUV (SUL) parameters were analyzed using PET VCAR software.
Precision was quantified using root mean square coefficient of variation (RMS-CV) and standard deviation (RMS-SD).

Main Results:

Precision for SUV parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak) ranged from 18.3% to 18.8%.
Precision for SUL parameters (SULpeak) ranged from 18.0% to 18.4%.
Least Significant Change (LSC) at 95% confidence interval for SUVmax was 50.1% and for SULpeak was 51.0%.

Conclusions:

A robust method for evaluating 18F-FDG PET/CT precision was established in a preclinical VX2 tumor model.
This methodology supports accurate monitoring of therapeutic responses in solid tumors during experimental drug studies.