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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Norton Equivalent Circuits01:16

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Norton's theorem is a fundamental concept in the field of electrical engineering that allows for the simplification of complex AC circuits. The theorem states that any two-terminal linear network can be replaced with an equivalent circuit that consists of an impedance, which is parallel with a constant current source. Figure 1 shows the AC circuit portioned into two parts: Circuit A and Circuit B, while Figure 2 depicts the circuit obtained by replacing Circuit A by its Norton equivalent...
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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

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N

Klaus Schützenmeister1, Katharina H E Meurer1,2, Marco Gronwald3

  • 1iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University Koblenz-Landau Landau Germany.

Plant-Environment Interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photosynthesis reduces nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from plants and soil. This effect, driven by aboveground plant parts, is crucial for understanding greenhouse gas exchange in ecosystems.

Keywords:
N2Oash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)photosynthesisplant‐mediatedrhizosphere

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Area of Science:

  • Plant ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Greenhouse gas emissions

Background:

  • Ecosystems play a vital role in regulating greenhouse gas exchange.
  • Recent discoveries highlight new plant functions influencing these exchanges.
  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with complex emission pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of plant photosynthetic activity on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission rates.
  • To differentiate the influence of aboveground plant parts versus rhizosphere on N2O emissions.
  • To enhance the accuracy of greenhouse gas budgeting and ecosystem modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory incubation experiments using beech and ash saplings.
  • Controlled measurements of N2O emissions under light (photosynthesis) and dark conditions.
  • Separation of plant and soil components to assess contributions from different plant parts.

Main Results:

  • Total N2O emissions were significantly reduced (31%-65%) under light compared to darkness.
  • The observed reduction in N2O emissions was primarily attributed to the aboveground plant parts.
  • No significant effect was found from the rhizosphere alone on N2O emissions under light.

Conclusions:

  • Photosynthesis in aboveground plant tissues actively suppresses N2O emissions.
  • Understanding these plant-mediated processes is essential for accurate ecosystem greenhouse gas accounting.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms.