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Neurotrauma: 2022 update.

David S Priemer1,2,3, Daniel P Perl1,2

  • 1The Department of Defense/Uniformed Services University Brain Tissue Repository, Bethesda, MD, USA.

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In 2021, research advanced the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. New findings show TBI can induce neurotoxic acetylated tau, and its reduction is neuroprotective.

Keywords:
Chronic traumatic encephalopathyDiffuse axonal injuryInterface astroglial scarringMultidimensional MRITauTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Background:

  • 2021 saw significant advancements in understanding neurotrauma and its associated neuropathology.
  • Progress was made in diagnosing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES).
  • The long-term impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the general population and its link to CTE pathology were further investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight impactful studies from 2021 in neurotrauma and neuropathology.
  • To discuss new findings on the role of acetylated tau protein in TBI.
  • To summarize advancements in diagnosing TBI-related conditions and understanding their neuropathological basis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published in 2021 focusing on neurotrauma.
  • Analysis of research on acetylated tau protein induction and neurotoxicity post-TBI.
  • Examination of studies utilizing advanced imaging techniques (e.g., multidimensional MRI) for TBI diagnosis.
  • Review of radiologic and neuropathologic correlation studies.

Main Results:

  • Consensus papers on CTE and TES diagnosis were published.
  • TBI was shown to induce neurotoxic acetylated tau, with potential neuroprotection through its reduction.
  • A specific signature for diffuse axonal injury was identified using multidimensional MRI.
  • Radiologic studies confirmed long-standing structural brain reductions following TBI.

Conclusions:

  • 2021 research provided critical insights into TBI diagnosis, neuropathology, and potential therapeutic targets.
  • The identification of acetylated tau's role and the advancement in diffuse axonal injury imaging are promising.
  • Continued emphasis on neuropathologic correlation is crucial for understanding TBI sequelae.