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Guidance to Best Tools and Practices for Systematic Reviews.

Kat Kolaski1, Lynne Romeiser Logan2, John P A Ioannidis3

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Area of Science:

  • Evidence synthesis methodology
  • Clinical research evaluation
  • Scientific publishing standards

Background:

  • Numerous systematic reviews suffer from methodological flaws, bias, and lack of informativeness.
  • Despite advancements in appraisal tools and empirical research, consistent application of updated methods remains a challenge.
  • Guideline developers, peer reviewers, and editors frequently overlook current methodological standards, impacting clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To distill complex information on evidence synthesis methods and tools into an accessible format for authors, peer reviewers, and editors.
  • To promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of the scientific rigor required for evidence synthesis.
  • To address well-documented deficiencies in evidence synthesis components and clarify the rationale behind current standards.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing between tools for assessing reporting, risk of bias, and methodological quality versus those for determining overall evidence certainty.
  • Differentiating tools used during synthesis development from those used for final evaluation.
  • Describing exemplar methods and research practices, alongside pragmatic strategies like preferred terminology and evidence characterization schemes.

Main Results:

  • A Concise Guide organizing best practice resources for routine implementation by authors and journals has been developed.
  • The guide highlights best practices and their rationale to encourage informed application.
  • Emphasis is placed on the need for in-depth methodological training, cautioning against superficial use of tools.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding and application of evidence synthesis methods are crucial for enhancing the reliability of research findings.
  • The developed guidance aims to inspire further evolution of methods and tools in the field of evidence synthesis.
  • Consistent adherence to methodological standards is essential for trustworthy evidence-based clinical practice.