Initiation of oogenesis in the human fetal ovary: ultrastructural and squash preparation study

Ovaries from 27 human fetuses at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestational age were examined with electron microscopy and squash preparation studies. The findings demonstrated that meiosis begins in the fetal ovary between 11 and 12 weeks of age. This is several weeks after gonadal sex differentiation, which can be recognized in the testis at 6 weeks. Ovaries at earlier ages included primitive germ cells and oogonia. With advancing fetal age, mitotic activity and germ cell degeneration became increasingly evident. Preleptotene cells were found as early as 9 to 10 weeks, suggesting that meiotic capacity is present soon after gonadal sex differentiation but further progression into meiosis is delayed until some specific inductive influence is exerted.