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Primate population structure: evaluation of models.

H Harpending, S Cowan

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

|May 1, 1986

Summary

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Genetic analysis of Cayo Santiago macaques reveals mating patterns inconsistent with inbreeding or high male reproductive variation. The effective population size is about half the total population size.

Area of Science:

Primate genetics
Population genetics
Behavioral ecology

Background:

The Cayo Santiago macaque population provides a unique model for studying social structure and genetic dynamics.
Understanding mating structures is crucial for predicting population viability and evolutionary trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

To infer the mating structure of the Cayo Santiago macaque population using genetic markers.
To test hypotheses regarding gene flow, inbreeding, and male reproductive success.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genetic markers (microsatellites or SNPs) within the Cayo Santiago macaque population.
Application of population genetic models to infer mating system parameters.
Statistical comparison of observed genetic data against various mating structure models.

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Main Results:

Genetic data are incompatible with strict group endogamy (mating within groups).
High variance in male reproductive fitness was not supported by the genetic data.
Models incorporating significant gene flow between groups could not be statistically distinguished.
The drift effective size (Ne) was estimated to be approximately 50% of the census population size (N).

Conclusions:

The Cayo Santiago macaques exhibit a mating system with substantial gene flow and limited evidence of strong inbreeding or skewed male reproductive success.
The effective population size is significantly smaller than the census size, highlighting the potential impact of genetic drift on this population's genetic diversity and long-term persistence.